Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) by EC-Council covers ethical hacking, penetration testing, and vulnerability assessment. Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP) by Offensive Security is a hands-on penetration testing certification requiring live system exploitation. GIAC Penetration Tester (GPEN) by GIAC validates penetration testing skills like exploitation and password attacks. Certified Red Team Professional (CRTP) by Pentester Academy focuses on Active Directory exploitation and red teaming.